"Time and Learning" Literature Review 
The Core Academic Learning Time Group

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ABSTRACT

The intent of this document is to inform teachers, administrators, and community members of the Poway Unified School District about the relationship between time and learning. It provides a review of the available research and literature. The review begins with the definitions of time, as related to students and their learning. The document is divided into the following time factors: the school day (allocated time); time-on-task (engaged time) and academic learning time; kinds of time-on-task; student characteristics; instructional strategies; subject matter; and homework. The general findings for each time factor are provided and include supporting statements from the literature.

In summary, a school’s most effective tool to increase student achievement is its control over the academic learning time.  

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