Heat and Energy Study Guide

 

Matching Terms:

 

Temperature –

                        Is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object

 

Kinetic Energy –

                        Energy in motion

 

Thermal Expansion –

                        Is the increase in volume of a substance due to an increase in temperature

 

Absolute Zero –

                        Lowest temperature on the Kelvin scale is 0K or –273 C

 

Heat –

                        Is the transfer of energy between objects that are at different temperatures

 

Thermal Energy –

                        Is the total kinetic energy of the particles that makeup a substance

 

 

 

Changes of state –

                     Substances change from state of matter to another state of matter
                     

 

Short Answer Questions

 

When two objects of different temperatures come in conduct, how is heat transferred?

            Heat transfers in a predictable way from warmer objects to cooler objects until all objects are at the same temperature

 

 

Be able to convert degrees Celsius to degrees Fahrenheit

            Degrees Celsius x 1.8 + 32 = Degrees Fahrenheit

 

Name and explain the three types of energy transfers and give an example for each energy transfer.

 

            Conduction – Is the transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another
                                  through direct contact.

                                  Example: A metal spoon conducting thermal energy in a pot of hot soup.

 

            Convection – Is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a liquid or a gas

                                    Example: The repeated rising and sinking of water boiling in a pot on
                                                     the stove.

 

            Radiation – Is the transfer of energy through matter or space as electromagnetic waves.
                                    Example: Visible light emitted from the sun or infrared waves coming
                                                    off the Earth’s surface.

 
List the four examples of changes of state discussed in class. Be sure to include the matter changes.

            Condensing – Gas to Liquid

            Freezing – Liquid to Solid

            Melting – Solid to Liquid

            Evaporating – Liquid to Gas

 

 

Who was one of the first scientists recognized for making the first thermometer and what are the two fixed points used to create a thermometer scale. Include the degrees in Fahrenheit.

 

Galileo Galilei and the two fixed points are when water freezes (32*F) and when water boils at (212*F)


 

 

What do most countries use to measure temperature? Why?

 

Celsius because the Celsius scale goes neatly from 0 to 100 on the scale


 

 

What regulates or controls the temperature of the human body? What is it?

Hypothalamus controls the temperature of the human body. It’s a small organ deep within the brain
that acts as a thermostat to control body temperature.


 

 

What is the name of the scale used to measure the hotness of foods? What does it measure and what
is the scale discussed in class?

 

Scoville scale which measure the effects of food on humans.
The scale runs from 5,000 S to about 300,000 S